Conveyor Dimentions

MINIMUM PULLEY DIAMETERS (mm)
DTr*	Rate of utilization of the maximum permissible belt breaking strength**
	over 60 to 100 %			over 30 to 60 %			up to 30 %
	Pulley group
	A	B	C	A	B	C	A	B	C
160	160	125	100	125	100		100	100
200	200	160	125	160	125	100	125	125	100
250	250	200	160	200	160	125	160	160	125
315	315	250	200	250	200	160	200	200	160
400	400	315	250	315	250	200	250	250	200
500	500	400	315	400	315	250	315	315	250
630	630	500	400	500	400	315	400	400	315
800	800	630	500	630	500	400	500	500	400
1000	1000	800	630	800	630	500	630	630	500
1250	1250	1000	800	1000	800	630	800	800	630
1400	1400	1250	1000	1250	1000	800	1000	1000	800
1600	1600	1400	1250	1400	1250	1000	1250	1250	1000
1800	1800	1600	1400	1600	1400	1250	1400	1400	1250
2000	2000	1800	1600	1800	1600	1400	1600	1600	1400
*							**

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VOLUME FLOW (m³/h)
Belt width	Idler length	Troughing angle of the belt
(mm)	(mm)	0°	20°	25°	30°	35°	40°	45°
500	200	39	72	79	85	90	94	97
650	250	69	132	145	155	164	171	176
800	315	108	207	226	243	257	268	276
1000	380	174	337	369	396	419	437	449
1200	465	256	493	540	580	614	640	658
1400	530	353	685	750	806	853	888	913
1600	600	466	907	993	1067	1128	1175	1208
1800	670	594	1160	1270	1365	1443	1502	1544
2000	740	739	1443	1581	1699	1795	1869	1920
2200	800	917	1802	1974	2121	2241	2332	2394
2400	870	1115	2196	2406	2585	2730	2840	2915
2600	940	1332	2628	2880	3094	3268	3399	3486
2800	1000	1568	3104	3402	3654	3859	4012	4113
3000	1070	1824	3615	3961	4255	4492	4670	4788
3200	1140	2099	4164	4563	4902	5174	5379	5513

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STEEL CORD CONVEYOR BELT WEIGHT AND THICKNESS (X grade covers)
Rating	Thickness (mm)	Weight (kg/m²)	*Please add 1,1 kg per square meter and 1 mm thickness of cover! For V self-extinguishing resp. FRAS grades, use 1,5 kg/m²/mm! For exact figures please consult the belt manufacturer!
St 1000	4,0	8,5
St 1250	4,0	10,5
St 1600	5,5	12,6
St 2000	5,5	13,6
St 2500	7,0	18,7
St 3150	8,0	21,2
St 4000	9,0	26,0
St 4500	9,5	28,5
St 5000	10,0	30,8
St 5400	10,5	31,8
St 6300	12,0	41,8
St 6800	13,5	43,4
St 7500	14,5	44,8
St 8500	15,0	46,6
St 10000	16,0

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TEXTILE BELT WEIGHT AND THICKNESS (X grade)
Rating (N/mm)	Thickness (mm)	Weight (kg/m²)*	*Please add 1,1 kg per square meter and 1 mm thickness of cover! Example: 1200 / EP 800/4 6+3: (5,5+(9x1,1))x1,2=18,5 kg/m For exact figures please consult the belt manufacturer!
EP 400/2	3,5	4,4
EP 630/2	4,5	5,4
EP 800/2	5,0	5,9
EP 400/3	3,0	3,4
EP 500/3	3,5	3,7
EP 630/3	4,0	4,3
EP 500/4	3,8	4,9
EP 630/4	4,1	5,2
EP 800/4	4,5	5,5
EP 800/5	5,0	6,3
EP 1000/5	5,5	7,1
EP 1250/5	7,0	8,9

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COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION (µ)
Condition	Steel pulley	PU lagging	Rubber lagging	Ceramic lagging
dry	0.35 - 0.4	0.35 - 0.4	0.4 - 0.45	0.4 - 0.45
wet (water)	0.1	0.35	0.35	0.35 - 0.4
wet (soiled)	0.05 - 0.1	0.2	0.25 - 0.3	0.35

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BULK DENSITY (ρ)
Ash, dry	0.5 - 0.7
Ash, wet	0.9
Basalt	1.6
Bauxite, crushed	1.3
Cement	1.35
Clay, dry	1.8
Coal, r.o.m.	1.1 - 1.4
Coal, fine	0.7 - 0.9
Copper ore	2.15
Gravel	1.8 - 2.2
Gold ore	1.2
Lignite	0.65 - 0.85
Limestone	1.5 - 1.9
Iron ore	2.1
Mineral salt	1.0
Oil sand	1.5
Overburden	1.5 - 1.8
Phosphate	1.2 - 1.5
Potash	1.35
Rock debris	1.8
Salt	1.2 - 1.5
Sand, dry	1.6
Sand, wet	2.0

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MAXIMUM SLOPE ANGLES (°)
Cement										23
Coal, r.o.m.										17
Coal, fine										16
Ore										18
Gravel										15
Limestone										18
Salt										20
Sand, dry										16
Sand, wet										20
The coefficient  jSt as per DIN 22101 provides the relationship of the dynamical angle of inclination. For bulk materials with higher inner friction, the following guide values can be used:

Inclination	2°	4°	6°	8°	10°	12°	14°	16°	18°	20°
Coefficient (φSt)	1.0	0.99	0.98	0.97	0.95	0.93	0.91	0.89	0.85	0.81

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COEFFICIENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE VOLUME FLOW (φSt)
Gradient angle	2°	4°	6°	8°	10°	12°	14°	16°	18°	20°
Coefficient (φSt)	1.0	0.99	0.97	0.97	0.95	0.93	0.91	0.89	0.85	0.81

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DISTANCE BETWEEN BELT EDGE AND DEEPEST POINT OF TROUGH (mm)
Belt width	Idler length	Belt width on	Belt troughing angle
(mm)	(mm)	side idlers (mm)	25°	30°	35°	37,5°	40°	45°
500	200	150	63	75	86	91	96	106
650	250	200	85	100	115	122	129	141
800	315	243	102	121	139	148	156	171
1000	380	310	131	155	178	189	199	219
1200	465	368	155	184	211	224	236	260
1400	530	435	184	218	250	265	280	308
1600	600	500	211	250	287	304	321	354
1800	670	565	239	283	324	344	363	400
2000	740	630	266	315	361	384	405	445
2200	800	700	296	350	402	426	450	495
2400	870	765	323	383	439	466	492	541
2600	940	830	351	415	476	505	534	587
2800	1000	900	380	450	516	548	579	636
3000	1070	965	408	483	554	587	620	682
3200	1140	1030	435	515	591	627	662	728

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MINIMUM BELT FORCES TO ENSURE TRANSMISSION OF PERIPHERAL PULLEY FORCES
Coeff. of friction	170°	175°	180°	185°	190°	195°	200°	205°	210°	215°	220°	225°	230°	235°	240°	245°
0.05	6.25	6.06	5.88	5.71	5.55	5.39	5.24	5.10	4.97	4.85	4.72	4.61	4.50	4.39	4.29	4.20
0.10	2.90	2.80	2.71	2.62	2.54	2.47	2.39	2.32	2.26	2.20	2.14	2.08	2.02	1.97	1.92	1.87
0.15	1.78	1.72	1.66	1.60	1.55	1.50	1.45	1.41	1.36	1.32	1.28	1.25	1.21	1.18	1.14	1.11
0.20	1.23	1.19	1.14	1.10	1.06	1.03	0.99	0.96	0.92	0.89	0.87	0.84	0.81	0.79	0.76	0.74
0.25	0.91	0.87	0.84	0.81	0.77	0.75	0.72	0.69	0.67	0.64	0.62	0.60	0.58	0.56	0.54	0.52
0.30	0.70	0.67	0.64	0.61	0.59	0.56	0.54	0.52	0.50	0.48	0.46	0.44	0.43	0.41	0.40	0.38
0.35	0.55	0.52	0.50	0.48	0.46	0.44	0.42	0.40	0.38	0.37	0.35	0.34	0.33	0.31	0.30	0.29
0.40	0.44	0.42	0.40	0.38	0.36	0.34	0.33	0.31	0.30	0.29	0.27	0.26	0.25	0.24	0.23	0.22
0.45	0.36	0.34	0.32	0.31	0.29	0.28	0.26	0.25	0.24	0.23	0.22	0.21	0.20	0.19	0.18	0.17

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REVOLVING MASS OF IDLERS (3-part idlers, kg/m)
Belt width (mm)	Idler diameter (mm)
	108	133	159	168
1000	17,0	24,5	26,5	35,0
1200	19,0	29,0	32,5	40,0
1400	21,0	31,5	35,5	45,0
1600	23,5	34,5	39,0	50,0
1800	25,5	35,0	42,5	54,0
2000	28,0	37,5	47,0	62,0

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f VALUES (artificial friction coefficient f), Examples
Installation	Conditions	f value
Horizontal, belt speed of 5 m/s, low rolling resistance belt	Favorable, easily rotating idlers, good tracking	0.012
Horizontal, belt speed of 5 m/s, X grade belt	As above	0.016
As above	"Normal"	0.020
As above	Unfavorable conditions, low temperature	0.026
Steep decline, belt speed 5 m/s	As a safety measure, downhill conveyors shall be calculated with a substantially lower f value than driven conveyors.	0.014
The f value is negatively influenced by higher troughing angles, higher belt speeds, smaller idler diameters, poorly aligned installations etc.

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COEFFICIENT C
Length (m)	80	200	300	500	800	1000	1500	2500	5000
C	1,92	1,45	1,31	1,2	1,17	1,09	1,05	1,04	1,03

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FACTOR c
Belt speed (m/s)	2	3	4	5	8
c	1,92	1,45	1,31	1,2	1,17

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MINIMUM CURVES FOR PIPE CONVEYOR BELTS (guide numbers)
Carcass	Diameter d (mm)	Curve radius
		up to 25°	25°- 50°	50° - 75°	75° - 100°
Polyamide (PP)	150 - 300	300 d	400 d	500 d	600 d
	350 - 500	400 d	500 d	600 d	700 d
Polyester/Polyamide (EP)	150 - 300	400 d	500 d	600 d	700 d
	350 - 500	500 d	600 d	700 d	800 d
Aramide (D)	150 - 300	500 d	600 d	700 d	800 d
	350 - 500	600 d	700 d	800 d	900 d
Steel cord (St)	150 - 300	700 d	800 d	900 d	1000 d
	350 - 500	800 d	900 d	1000 d	1100 d

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MINIMUM BELT TURNOVER LENGTH (guide values in m)
Max. belt width B (mm)	Type of turnover	Textile conveyor belts	Steel cord conveyor belts
1200	unguided	10 x B	-
1600	guided	12,5 x B	22 x B
2400	supported	10 x B	15 x B
3200

Types of conveyor systems

Types of conveyor systems

·         Flexible conveyor

·         Gravity roller conveyor

·         Gravity skate wheel conveyor

·         Belt conveyor

·         Wire mesh conveyors

·         Plastic belt conveyors

·         Bucket conveyors

·         Flexible conveyors

·         Vertical conveyors

·         Spiral conveyors

·         Vibrating conveyors

·         Pneumatic conveyors

·         Belt driven live roller conveyors

·         Line shaft roller conveyor

·         Chain conveyor

·         Screw conveyor

·         Chain driven live roller conveyor

·         Overhead conveyors

·         Dust proof conveyors

·         Pharmaceutical conveyors

·         Automotive conveyors

·         Pneumatic conveyor systems

Every pneumatic system makes use of pipes or ducts called transportation lines that carry mixture of materials and a stream of air. These materials are such as dry pulverized or free flowing or light powdery materials like cement, fly ash etc. These materials can be transported conveniently to various destinations by means of a stream of high velocity air through pipe lines. Products are moved through various tubes via air pressure, allowing for extra vertical versatility. Pneumatic conveyors are either carrier systems or dilute-phase systems; carrier systems simply push items from one entry point to one exit point, such as the money exchanging tubes used at a bank drive-thru window. Dilute-phase systems use push/pull pressure to guide materials through various entry and/or exit points. Three basic systems that are used to generate high velocity air stream: 1. Suction or Vacuum systems: utilizing a vacuum created in the pipeline to draw the material with the surrounding air.The system operated at a low pressure, which is practically 0.4-0.5 atm below atmosphere, and is utilized mainly in conveying light free flowing materials. 2. Pressure Type systems: in which a positive pressure is used to push material from one point to the next. The system is ideal for conveying material from one loading point to a number of unloading points. It operates at a pressure of 6 atm and upwards. 3. Combination systems: in which a suction system is used to convey material from a number of loading points and a pressure system is employed to deliver it to a number of unloading points.

Vibrating conveyor systems

A Vibrating Conveyor is a machine with a solid conveying surface which is turned up on the side to form a trough. They are used extensively in food grade applications where sanitation, washdown, and low maintenance are essential. Vibrating conveyors are also suitable for harsh, very hot, dirty, or corrosive environments. They can be used to convey newly cast metal parts which may reach upwards of 1,500 °F (820 °C). Due to the fixed nature of the conveying pans vibrating conveyors can also perform tasks such as sorting, screening, classifying and orienting parts. Vibrating conveyors have been built to convey material at angles exceeding 45° from horizontal using special pan shapes. Flat pans will convey most materials at a 5° Incline from horizontal line.

Flexible conveyor systems

The flexible conveyor is based on a conveyor beam in middle steel pipe or stainless steel, with low friction slide rails guiding a plastic multi-flexing chain. Products to be conveyed travel directly on the conveyor, or on pallets/carriers. These conveyors can be worked around obstacles and keep production lines flowing. They are made at varying levels and can work in multiple environments. They are used in food packaging, case packing, and pharmaceutical industries but also in retail stores such as Wal-Mart and Kmart.

Vertical conveyor systems and spiral conveyors

Vertical Spiral Conveyor

Vertical conveyor - also commonly referred to as freight lifts and material lifts - are conveyor systems used to raise or lower materials to different levels of a facility during the handling process. Examples of these conveyors applied in the industrial assembly process include transporting materials to different floors. While similar in look to freight elevators, vertical conveyors are not equipped to transport people, only materials.

Vertical lift conveyors contain two adjacent, parallel conveyors for simultaneous upward movement of adjacent surfaces of the parallel conveyors. One of the conveyors normally has spaced apart flites for transporting bulk food items. The dual conveyors rotate in opposite directions, but are operated from one gear box to insure equal belt speed. One of the conveyors is pivotally hinged to the other conveyor for swinging the pivotally attached conveyor away from the remaining conveyor for access to the facing surfaces of the parallel conveyors.^[6] Vertical lift conveyors can be manually or automatically loaded and controlled.^[7] Almost all vertical conveyors can be systematically integrated with horizontal conveyors, since both of these conveyor systems work in tandem to create a cohesive material handling assembly line.

In similarity to vertical conveyors, spiral conveyors raise and lower materials to different levels of a facility. In contrast, spiral conveyors are able to transport material loads in a continuous flow. Industries that require a higher output of materials - food and beverage, retail case packaging, pharmaceuticals - typically incorporate these conveyors into their systems over standard vertical conveyors due to their ability to facilitate high throughput. Most spiral conveyors also have a lower angle of incline or decline (11 degrees or less) to prevent sliding and tumbling during operation.

Vertical conveyor with forks

Just like spiral conveyors also a vertical conveyor that use forks are able to transport material loads in a continuous flow. With these forks the load can be taken from one horizontal conveyor and put down on another horizontal conveyor on a different level. By adding more forks more products can be lifted at the same time. Conventional vertical conveyors have the restriction that the input and output of material loads must have the same direction. By using forks many combinations of different input- and output levels in different directions are possible. A vertical conveyor with forks can even be used as a vertical sorter. Compared to a spiral conveyor a vertical conveyor - with or without forks - takes up less space.

Heavy duty roller conveyors

Heavy Duty roller conveyors are used for moving items that are at least 500 lbs. This type of conveyor makes the handling of such heavy equipment/products easier and more time effective. Many of the heavy duty roller conveyors can move as fast as 75 feet/minute.

Other types of heavy duty roller conveyors are gravity roller conveyor, chain driven live roller conveyor, pallet accumulation conveyor, multi-strand chain conveyor, and chain & roller transfers.

Gravity roller conveyors are extremly easy to use and are used in many different types of industries such as automotive and retail.

Chain driven live roller conveyors are used for single or bi-directional material handling. Large heavy loads are moved by chain driven live roller conveyors.

Pallet accumulation conveyors are powered through a mechanical clutch. This is used instead of individually powered and controlled sections of conveyors.

Multi-strand chain conveyors are used for double pitch roller chains. Products that can not be moved on traditional roller conveyors can be moved by a multi-strand chain conveyor.

Chain & roller conveyors are short runs of two or more strands of double pitch chain conveyor built into a chain driven line roller conveyor. These pop up under the load and move the load off of the conveyor.